Overview of Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose significant health challenges across the globe and India is no exception. The burden of CVD in India is increasing with the growing population and changing lifestyles. According to government data, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in India. It accounts for a significant portion of deaths every year. Factors such as urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, smoking and stress contribute to the increasing prevalence of CVD in the country.
India has one of the highest burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the world. Deaths due to cardiovascular disease in India are expected to rise dramatically from 2.26 million in 1990 to 4.77 million in 2020. The incidence of coronary heart disease in India has fluctuated over the years, affecting between 1.6% and 7.4% of the population; 1% to 13.2% of the rural and urban populations.
Major Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in India
Younger people are at higher risk from cardiovascular disease. Research says that factors such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes put Indians at higher risk of cardiovascular disease at younger ages compared to other ethnicities. These risk factors have increased rapidly over the past 25 years, especially in urban areas.
Significant risk factors identified:
- Overweight and Obesity: Many participants were overweight or obese (defined by BMI).
- Central Obesity: Central obesity (defined by waist circumference) was prevalent among participants.
- Hypertension: Hypertension was a common finding.
- Metabolic Syndrome: Many participants showed signs of metabolic syndrome including central obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose.
- Diabetes: Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance were significant risk factors in the cohort.
- Lifestyle Factors: Tobacco and alcohol consumption were also recorded and contributed to participants’ overall risk profile.
How having cardiovascular disease can affect life?
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a drastic impact on many aspects of life, from physical health to mental well-being. Physically, symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath and pain can limit your ability to carry out daily activities. These symptoms reduce exercise tolerance and cause discomfort, making it difficult to carry out daily tasks.
In addition, CVD increases the risk of other health problems. Such as stroke and kidney disease, further affecting overall health. Emotionally, living with CVD can lead to anxiety, depression and stress. Constant worry about possible complications and the need for ongoing medical care can have a negative impact on mental health. This mental distress, combined with a fear of physical activity, can limit social interactions and participation in activities that were previously enjoyable. The disease also requires significant lifestyle changes. Including strict modifications to diet and medication adherence schedules that can be overwhelming.
Despite these challenges, with proper treatment through a healthy lifestyle, regular medical care, and psychological support, people with cardiovascular disease can improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of serious complications. Now we will talk about the 20 foods that need to be avoided when taking care of your cardiovascular health.
List of 20 Things to Avoid for a Healthy Heart
1. Excessive sodium intake
Too much salt increases blood pressure and increases your risk of heart disease. Try to keep your sodium intake below 2,300 milligrams per day and choose fresh or minimally processed foods instead of salty snacks and canned foods.
2. Trans Fats
Trans fats are commonly found in processed foods, baked goods all of these can raise bad cholesterol and lower good cholesterol. Avoid products that have partially hydrogenated oils in the ingredients list.
3. Saturated Fats
Saturated fats are found in red meat, butter, and whole dairy products and can raise cholesterol levels. Choose lean meats, low-fat dairy products, and plant-based fats like olive oil.
4. Added Sugars
Consuming too much sugar can lead to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Limit your intake of sweets, sugary cereals, and sugary drinks.
5. Sugary Drinks
Beverages such as sodas and energy drinks contain high levels of sugar, which can contribute to weight gain and diabetes, which are risk factors for heart disease. Instead, choose water, unsweetened tea, or bottled water.
6. Processed Meats
Bacon, sausages and cured meats are high in sodium and preservatives, which can increase the risk of heart disease. Choose fresh, lean meats, or plant-based protein sources.
7. Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Although moderate alcohol consumption has some benefits for the heart, too much alcohol can cause high blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke. Stick to the recommended limits: no more than drinks per day for women and no more than two drinks for men.
8. Smoking and Tobacco
Smoking damages the lining of your arteries, causing a buildup of fatty material that narrows them. Quitting smoking significantly reduces your risk of heart disease.
9. Inactivity
Inactivity can lead to obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Aim to do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.
10. Chronic Stress
Long-term stress can increase blood pressure and lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms such as overeating and smoking. Find healthy ways to deal with stress such as: sports, meditation, hobbies, etc.
11. Caffeinated Drinks
Too much caffeine can cause cardiac arrhythmia and increase blood pressure. Limit your intake of coffee, energy drinks, and caffeinated carbonated beverages.
12. Excessive Red Meat Consumption
Red meat is high in saturated fat and cholesterol. Limit your intake and choose chicken, fish, and plant-based proteins.
13. Fried Foods
Fried foods are high in unhealthy fats and calories. Instead, choose baked, grilled, or steamed options.
14. Neglecting Sleep Quality
Lack of sleep contributes to obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night and maintain a regular sleep schedule.
15. Uncontrolled Diabetes
Diabetes significantly increases the risk of heart disease. Control blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and medication as prescribed by your doctor.
16. Ignoring Symptoms
Ignoring symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue can delay diagnosis and treatment of heart disease.
17. Excessive Stress
Chronic stress can cause high blood pressure and an unhealthy lifestyle. Practice stress management techniques like deep breathing, yoga, and spending time with loved ones.
18. Unhealthy Coping Mechanisms
Turning to alcohol, smoking, or overeating to deal with stress can harm your heart. Find healthier ways to deal with stress and emotions.
19. Skipping Medication
If you are prescribed various medications for your cholesterol never stop taking them as it can affect your body.
20. Ignoring Doctor’s
Advice Doctor’s advice is essential in treating and preventing heart disease. Follow his recommended diet, exercise and medication to keep your heart healthy.
By avoiding these 20 risk factors, you can significantly reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease and live a healthier, longer life.
Sum up,
Cardiovascular diseases are a major public health challenge in India, affecting millions of people across the country. However, the Government of India has taken several proactive steps to address this issue through various initiatives and programs for prevention. Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
India is focussing on to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases and improve the overall health and wellbeing of its population. They are doing it by focusing on health promotion, strengthening its healthcare infrastructure and implementing effective policies.
